澳大利亚农业简介Brief Introduction of Australian Agriculture

Brief Introduction of Australian Agriculture

澳大利亚农业简介

Australia is an important source of export cereals, meat, sugar, dairy produce, and fruit. Less than one-tenth of the country is used for intensive production; one-fourth is virtually unused, and three-fifths is employed for sparse grazing on natural or near-natural pastures. Only a minute fraction is irrigated. Wheat is the country’s leading grain crop. Up to four-fifths of the grain is exported, chiefly to eastern Asia, the Middle East, and the Pacific region. Production is highly mechanized. The crop has become closely integrated with sheep grazing and the cultivation of barley, oats, and other grains and with the production of green fodder and hay for livestock.

澳大利亚是出口谷物、肉类、糖、乳制品和水果的重要来源。全国不到十分之一的土地用于集约化生产；四分之一的土地几乎没有使用，五分之三的土地用于在天然或接近天然的牧场上稀疏地放牧。只有一小部分得到了灌溉。小麦是该国的主要粮食作物。高达五分之四的谷物被出口，主要是出口到东亚、中东和太平洋地区。生产是高度机械化的。该作物已与放羊、大麦、燕麦和其他谷物的种植以及牲畜的青饲料和干草生产紧密结合。

Intensive sugarcane farming is significant in Queensland’s coastal districts, on the northern coastal plains of New South Wales, and in the Ord Irrigated District in northwestern Western Australia. From planting and harvesting to milling; the manual labour traditionally was replaced long ago by efficient mechanization. Sugar represents Australia’s second-biggest crop export.

甘蔗种植集中在昆士兰的沿海地区、新南威尔士州的北部沿海平原以及西澳大利亚州西北部的奥德灌溉区都很重要。从种植、收获到碾磨；传统的手工劳动早已被高效的机械化所取代。糖是澳大利亚的第二大作物出口。

Other important crops include cotton (the second most valuable crop, after wheat), rice, tobacco, temperate and tropical fruits, corn (maize), sorghum, oilseeds. Wine making for domestic and export markets is pursued in every state but is most significant in the southern parts of Australia. The sector experienced spectacular growth in the 1990s, with production of wine grapes increasing by three-fifths during the decade to supply some 1,200 wineries. Nearly half of wine exports are directed to the United Kingdom. Other major markets include the United States, New Zealand, Canada, and Germany.

其他重要的作物包括棉花（仅次于小麦的第二大作物）、水稻、烟草、温带和热带水果、玉米、高粱、油菜籽。每个州都在为国内和出口市场酿造葡萄酒，但在澳大利亚的南部地区最为重要。葡萄酒行业在20世纪90年代经历了惊人的增长，在这十年中，酿酒葡萄的产量增加了五分之三，供应给大约1200家酒厂。近一半的葡萄酒出口到了英国。其他主要市场包括美国、新西兰、加拿大和德国。

²                      The above information is for reference only.

²                      以上信息仅供参考