关于第四章人权的评注 Commentary on Chapter IV: Human Rights

Commentary on Chapter IV: Human Rights

关于第四章人权的评注

41. This chapter opens with a chapeau that sets out the framework for the specific recommendations concerning enterprises' respect for human rights. It draws upon the United Nations 'Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework for Business and Human Rights' and is in line with the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights for its implementation as well as the ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy.

本章以序言开始，为有关企业尊重人权的具体建议提出了框架。它借鉴了联合国“保护、尊重和补救工商业与人权框架”，并符合《工商业与人权指导原则》的实施以及国际劳工组织《关于跨国企业和社会政策的原则三方宣言》。

42. The chapeau and the first paragraph recognise that States have the duty to protect human rights, and that enterprises, regardless of their size, sector, operational context, ownership and structure, should respect human rights wherever they operate. Respect for human rights is the global standard of expected conduct for enterprises independently of States’ abilities and/or willingness to fulfil their human rights obligations, and does not diminish those obligations.

序言和第一段承认，国家有义务保护人权，企业无论规模、部门、经营环境、所有权和结构如何，都应在其经营所在地尊重人权。尊重人权是企业独立于国家履行其人权义务的能力和(或)意愿的预期行为的全球标准，人权义务不应被削弱。

43.A State’s failure either to enforce relevant domestic laws, or to implement international human rights obligations or the fact that it may act contrary to such laws or international obligations does not diminish the expectation that enterprises respect human rights. In countries where domestic laws and regulations conflict with internationally recognised human rights, enterprises should seek ways to honour them to the fullest extent which does not place them in violation of domestic law, consistent with paragraph 2 of the Chapter on Concepts and Principles.

一国不执行有关的国内法或不履行国际人权义务，或可能违反这些法律或国际义务的事实，都不会减少对企业尊重人权的期望。在国内法和条例与国际公认的人权相冲突的国家，企业应按照《概念和原则》一章第2段的规定，设法在不违反国内法的情况下最大限度地尊重这些人权。

44. In all cases and irrespective of the country or specific context of enterprises’ operations, reference should be made at a minimum to the internationally recognised human rights expressed in the International Bill of Human Rights, consisting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the main instruments through which it has been codified: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and to the principles concerning fundamental rights set out in the International Labour Organisation Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.

在所有情况下，不论国家或企业经营的具体情况如何，都应至少提及《国际人权法案》所表达的国际公认的人权，该法案由《世界人权宣言》和编纂该宣言的主要文书组成:《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》和《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》，以及《国际劳工组织关于工作中的基本原则和权利宣言》中关于基本权利的原则。

45. Enterprises can have an impact on virtually the entire spectrum of internationally recognised human rights. In practice, some human rights may be at greater risk of adverse impacts than others in particular industries or contexts, and therefore will be the focus of heightened attention. However, situations may change, so all rights should be the subject of periodic review. Depending on circumstances, enterprises may need to consider additional standards.

企业可以对几乎所有国际公认的人权产生影响。在实践中，某些人权在特定行业或背景下可能比其他人权受到更大的不利影响风险，因此将成为高度关注的焦点。然而，情况可能会发生变化，因此所有权利都应成为定期审查的主题。视情况而定，企业可能需要考虑附加标准。

46. In paragraph 1, addressing actual and potential adverse human rights impacts consists of taking adequate measures for their identification, prevention, where possible, and mitigation of potential human rights impacts, remediation of actual impacts, and accounting for how the adverse human rights impacts are addressed. The term ‘infringing’ refers to adverse impacts that an enterprise may have on the human rights of individuals.

在第1段中，处理实际和潜在的不利人权影响包括采取适当措施，查明、尽可能预防和减轻潜在的人权影响，补救实际影响，并说明如何处理不利的人权影响。“侵权”一词是指企业可能对个人人权造成的不利影响。

            ²The above information is for reference only.

                ² 以上信息仅供参考